STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________

837--B

2021-2022 Regular Sessions

IN ASSEMBLY

(Prefiled)

January 6, 2021 ___________

Introduced by M. of A. PAULIN, RAMOS, ENGLEBRIGHT, L. ROSENTHAL, ABINAN- TI, COLTON, DINOWITZ, STECK, SEAWRIGHT, FAHY, CYMBROWITZ -- Multi- Sponsored by -- M. of A. GOTTFRIED, MAGNARELLI -- read once and referred to the Committee on Economic Development -- recommitted to the Committee on Economic Development in accordance with Assembly Rule 3, sec. 2 -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee -- again reported from said committee with amendments, ordered reprinted as amended and recommit- ted to said committee

AN ACT to amend the general business law and the penal law, in relation to preventing the unlawful sale of firearms, rifles, and shotguns to individuals with a criminal record

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows:

1 Section 1. Legislative findings and declaration. The legislature here- 2 by finds and declares as follows: 3 1. Guns--including firearms, rifles and shotguns--are used to kill 4 almost 40,000 individuals in the United States every year, including 800 5 individuals in New York state alone. Additionally, there are 115,000 6 non-fatal injuries across the country. Gun violence also costs billions 7 of dollars and causes incalculable emotional damage, devastating 8 families and communities throughout the country. In spite of the efforts 9 of many individual federal officials, the federal government has been 10 unwilling to enact legislation to address this public health crisis and 11 has left it up to state and local governments to do so. The state of New 12 York has a strong interest in reducing violence and crimes that involve 13 the use of guns and the illegal trafficking of guns. Illegal guns 14 obtained throughout the state end up in the hands of individuals who are 15 prohibited from possessing them because of their criminal record, their

EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [] is old law to be omitted. LBD01985-07-2

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1 youth, their particular mental health, or a protective order. Such ille- 2 gal guns are often used to threaten, maim and kill New Yorkers. 3 2. There is a thriving underground market for illegal guns, which is 4 leading to shootings that are disproportionately impacting under-re- 5 sourced Black and brown communities. A highly efficient and continuous 6 business practice exists in which guns are moved from legal manufacture 7 and sale to prohibited purchasers, making them illegal guns. According 8 to a recent report of the New York state attorney general, 52,915 crime 9 guns were recovered by law enforcement in New York between 2010-2015 10 (Target on Trafficking, New York Crime Gun Analysis, October 2016, here- 11 inafter the "2016 AG Report"). Of these crime guns, 13,188 or 25% were 12 long guns. Outside New York City, long guns are sold without a permit. 13 The 2016 AG Report further found that 90% of the crime guns recovered 14 were recovered in seven distinct markets: New York City, the lower 15 Hudson Valley (including the cities of Yonkers, White Plains, Newburgh 16 and Poughkeepsie), the Capital Region (including Albany, Troy and Sche- 17 nectady), Syracuse, Rochester and Buffalo. Although 74% of the crime 18 guns recovered statewide were from out of state, a significant portion 19 of guns involved in crimes upstate originate within the state. For exam- 20 ple, according to the 2016 AG Report, 41% of crime guns in the Buffalo 21 area and 56% of crime guns in the Rochester area originated within New 22 York state. 23 3. Youth are particularly at risk of being killed with guns. Accord- 24 ing to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2019 alone, 40 25 children and teens (under the age of 19) died from gun violence in New 26 York state. 27 4. A substantial portion of illegal guns are diverted to the illegal 28 market through licensed gun dealers. Rogue gun dealers play a key role 29 in this market. These rogue dealers funnel guns to the illegal market 30 through a variety of channels. One of the most common means is to allow 31 "straw purchases". A straw purchase occurs when a person purchases a gun 32 on behalf of a prohibited person. In 2000, the Bureau of Alcohol, 33 Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) conducted an investigation of 34 gun trafficking from July 1996 to December 1998 and found that almost 35 26,000 trafficked guns were associated with investigations in which 36 there was a straw purchaser. Almost 50% of all trafficking investi- 37 gations involved straw purchasers, with an average of 37 guns trafficked 38 per investigation. Another issue, according to a 2008 report by Mayors 39 Against Illegal Guns, Inside Straw Purchasing: How Criminals Get Guns 40 Illegally, is that many traffickers return to the same store again and 41 again once they have identified it as one in which they can make straw 42 purchases easily. According to the ATF, 1% of gun dealers are the 43 source of almost 60% of crime guns. Although ATF has not since released 44 an updated report on straw purchases, a 2019 University of Chicago study 45 found that of those incarcerated for a gun-related crime, 58% acquired 46 their gun from a friend or acquaintance. 47 5. Although most gun dealers operate their businesses legally and 48 responsibly, some gun dealers who are corrupt or maintain shoddy record- 49 keeping practices flood the streets with illegal guns as a result of 50 their unrestricted access to new gun inventory and the unwillingness of 51 gun manufacturers to terminate their supply to these rogue dealers. 52 Current federal and state regulation has not curbed the business prac- 53 tice of illegal gun dealers. According to a 2004 study by Americans for 54 Gun Safety, of the 120 worst gun dealers in the country, namely those 55 dealers with an average of 500 crime guns traced to them, 96 were still 56 in operation.

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1 6. Moreover, this problem is not limited to unlicensed sellers, and 2 clearly includes federal firearms licensees (FFLs). Indeed, although 3 FFLs were involved in under 10% of the trafficking investigations under- 4 taken by ATF, they were associated with 40,000 diverted guns nearly half 5 of the total number of trafficked guns documented during the two-year 6 period of the ATF's investigation. Additionally, a 2010 report by 7 Mayors Against Illegal Guns indicated that several states that allow 8 state authorities to supplement the federal ATF inspection with routine 9 inspections provide law enforcement with more opportunities to uncover 10 dealers in violation of the law. These inspections also help identify 11 dealers who exercise lax oversight over their inventory and may lead to 12 improved compliance with federal, state, and local laws. 13 7. Current state law governing gun dealers is inadequate to prevent 14 the diversion of guns to the illegal marketplace. Additional 15 protections that are needed include better gun dealer internal compli- 16 ance procedures, programs to eliminate straw purchases, improved securi- 17 ty measures, reduced youth access, and mandatory training for gun dealer 18 employees. The additional protections set forth in this act will great- 19 ly enhance the state's efforts to stop gun violence and criminal activ- 20 ity in New York. 21 § 2. The general business law is amended by adding a new article 39-BB 22 to read as follows: 23 ARTICLE 39-BB 24 PREVENTING THE UNLAWFUL SALE OF FIREARMS, 25 RIFLES, AND SHOTGUNS TO INDIVIDUALS WITH A CRIMINAL RECORD 26 Section 875-a. Definitions. 27 875-b. Reasonable measures to prevent unlawful sales and trans- 28 fers to individuals who are prohibited from purchasing 29 or possessing firearms, rifles, and shotguns. 30 875-c. Security. 31 875-d. Access to firearms, rifles, and shotguns. 32 875-e. Location of firearm, rifle, and shotgun sales. 33 875-f. Employee training. 34 875-g. Maintenance of records. 35 875-h. Internal compliance and certification. 36 875-i. Rules and regulations. 37 875-j. Violations. 38 § 875-a. Definitions. For the purposes of this article: 39 1. "Dealer" means a gunsmith or dealers in firearms licensed pursuant 40 to section 400.00 of the penal law. 41 2. "Dispose of" means to dispose of, give, give away, lease, lend, 42 keep for sale, offer, offer for sale, sell, transfer, or otherwise 43 dispose of. 44 3. "Firearm" has the same meaning as that term is defined in subdivi- 45 sion three of section 265.00 of the penal law. 46 4. "Firearm exhibitor" means any person, firm, partnership, corpo- 47 ration, or company that exhibits, sells, offers for sale, transfers, or 48 exchanges firearms, rifles, or shotguns at a gun show. 49 5. "Rifle" has the same meaning as that term is defined in subdivision 50 eleven of section 265.00 of the penal law. 51 6. "Shotgun" has the same meaning as that term is defined in subdivi- 52 sion twelve of section 265.00 of the penal law. 53 7. "Straw purchase" means the purchase, or attempt to purchase, by a 54 person of a firearm, rifle, shotgun or ammunition for, on behalf of, or 55 for the use of another person known or unknown. The term shall not 56 include a bona fide gift to a person who is not prohibited from possess-

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1 ing or receiving such a firearm. For purposes of the preceding sentence, 2 a gift to a person is not a bona fide gift if the person has offered or 3 given the purchaser a service or thing of value to acquire the firearm 4 for the person. 5 8. "Straw purchaser" means a person who purchases or attempts to 6 purchase a firearm, rifle, shotgun or ammunition for, on behalf of, or 7 for the use of such other person known or unknown, other than as a bona 8 fide gift. 9 9. "Superintendent" means the superintendent of state police. 10 § 875-b. Reasonable measures to prevent unlawful sales and transfers 11 to individuals who are prohibited from purchasing or possessing 12 firearms, rifles, and shotguns. Every dealer shall adopt reasonable 13 measures to prevent firearms, rifles, and shotguns from being diverted 14 from the legal stream of commerce, intentionally or otherwise, for later 15 sale, transfer, or disposal to individuals not legally entitled to 16 purchase or possess such weapons. Such measures shall include, but need 17 not be limited to, programs to eliminate sales to straw purchasers and 18 to otherwise thwart illegal gun trafficking. The superintendent shall 19 develop programs designed to eliminate sales to straw purchasers and to 20 otherwise thwart illegal gun trafficking. Within six months of the 21 effective date of this article, the superintendent shall submit a report 22 to the legislature detailing such programs, including establishing mini- 23 mum requirements for such programs. 24 § 875-c. Security. 1. Every dealer shall implement a security plan 25 for securing firearms, rifles and shotguns, including firearms, rifles 26 and shotguns in shipment. The plan must satisfy at least the following 27 requirements: 28 (a) display cases shall be locked at all times except when removing a 29 single firearm, rifle or shotgun to show a customer, and customers shall 30 handle firearms, rifles or shotguns only under the direct supervision of 31 an employee; 32 (b) all firearms, rifles and shotguns shall be secured, other than 33 during business hours, in a locked fireproof safe or vault in the 34 licensee's business premises or in a similar secured and locked area; 35 and 36 (c) ammunition shall be stored separately from firearms, rifles and 37 shotguns and out of reach of customers. 38 2. (a) The permitted business location shall be secured by an alarm 39 system that is installed and maintained by an alarm company operator 40 properly licensed pursuant to state law. The alarm system must be moni- 41 tored by a central station listed by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 42 and covered by an active Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. alarm system 43 certificate with a #3 extent of protection. The permitted business 44 shall be equipped with a video recording device at each point of sale 45 and entrance and exits to the premises, which shall be recorded from 46 both the indoor and outdoor vantage point and shall maintain such 47 recordings for a period of not less than two years. 48 (b) Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. uses the term "extent of 49 protection" to refer to the amount of alarm protection installed to 50 protect a particular area, room or container. Systems with a #3 extent 51 of protection include complete protection for all accessible openings, 52 and partial motion and sound detection at certain other areas of the 53 premises. More information may be found in: Central Station Alarm Asso- 54 ciation, A Practical Guide to Central Station Burglar Alarm Systems (3rd 55 ed. 2005).

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1 § 875-d. Access to firearms, rifles, and shotguns. Every retail dealer 2 shall exclude all persons under eighteen years of age from those 3 portions of its premises where firearms, rifles, shotguns, or ammunition 4 are stocked or sold, unless such person is accompanied by a parent or 5 guardian. 6 § 875-e. Location of firearm, rifle, and shotgun sales. Every dealer 7 shall sell or otherwise dispose of firearms, rifles, and shotguns only 8 at the location listed on the dealer's federal firearms license or at 9 gun shows. 10 § 875-f. Employee training. 1. Every dealer shall annually provide 11 the training outlined by the superintendent pursuant to subdivision two 12 of this section to all new and current employees and other personnel 13 engaged in the retail sale of firearms, rifles, and shotguns. Dealers 14 shall keep a record of the completion of this training which may be 15 requested as part of the certification process outlined in paragraph (b) 16 of subdivision one of section eight hundred seventy-five-h of this arti- 17 cle. 18 2. The superintendent shall develop and make available to each 19 licensed dealer, a training course in the conduct of firearm, rifle, and 20 shotgun transfers including at a minimum the following: 21 (a) Federal and state laws governing firearm, rifle, and shotgun 22 transfers. 23 (b) How to recognize, identify, respond, and report straw purchases, 24 illegal purchases, and fraudulent activity. 25 (c) How to recognize, identify, respond, and report an individual who 26 intends to use a firearm, rifle, or shotgun for unlawful purposes, 27 including self-harm. 28 (d) How to prevent, respond, and report theft or burglary of firearms, 29 rifles, shotguns, and ammunition. 30 (e) How to educate customers on rules of gun safety, including but not 31 limited to the safe handling and storage of firearms, rifles, and shot- 32 guns. 33 (f) Such other topics the superintendent deems necessary and appropri- 34 ate. 35 3. No employee or agent of any retail dealer shall participate in the 36 sale or disposition of firearms, rifles, or shotguns unless such person 37 is at least twenty-one years of age and has first received the training 38 required by this section. The superintendent shall promulgate regu- 39 lations setting forth minimum requirements for the maintenance of 40 records of such training. 41 § 875-g. Maintenance of records. Every dealer shall establish and 42 maintain a book, or if the dealer should choose, electronic-based record 43 of such purchase, sale, inventory, and other records at the dealer's 44 place of business in such form and for such period as the superintendent 45 shall require, and shall submit a copy of such records to the New York 46 state police every April and October. Such records shall at a minimum 47 include the following: 48 1. the make, model, caliber or gauge, manufacturer's name, and serial 49 number of all rifles and shotguns that are acquired or disposed of not 50 later than one business day after their acquisition or disposition. 51 Monthly backups of these records kept in a book shall be maintained in a 52 secure container designed to prevent loss by fire, theft, or other mish- 53 ap. If the dealer chooses to maintain an electronic-based record 54 system, those records must be backed up on an external server or over 55 the internet at the close of each business day;

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1 2. all rifles and shotguns acquired but not yet disposed of must be 2 accounted for through an inventory check prepared once each month and 3 maintained in a secure location; 4 3. rifle and shotgun disposition information, including the serial 5 numbers of rifles and shotguns sold, dates of sale, and identity of 6 purchasers, shall be maintained and made available at any time to 7 government law enforcement agencies and to the manufacturer of the weap- 8 on or its designee; and 9 4. every dealer shall maintain records of criminal rifle and shotgun 10 traces initiated by the federal bureau of alcohol, tobacco, firearms and 11 explosives ("ATF"). All ATF Form 4473 transaction records shall be 12 retained on the dealer's business premises in a secure container 13 designed to prevent loss by fire, theft, or other mishap. 14 § 875-h. Internal compliance and certification. 1. Every dealer shall: 15 (a) implement and maintain sufficient internal compliance procedures 16 to ensure compliance with the requirements of this article and all 17 applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the 18 sale, transfer, and disposal of firearms, rifles, and shotguns; and 19 (b) annually certify to the superintendent that such dealer has 20 complied with all of the requirements of this article. The superinten- 21 dent shall by regulation determine the form and content of such annual 22 certification. 23 2. The superintendent shall promulgate regulations establishing peri- 24 odic inspections of not less than one inspection of every dealer every 25 three years, during regular and usual business hours, by the division of 26 state police of the premises of every dealer to determine compliance by 27 such dealer with the requirements of this article. Every dealer shall 28 provide the division of state police with full access to such dealer's 29 premises for such inspections. 30 § 875-i. Rules and regulations. The superintendent may promulgate such 31 additional rules and regulations as the superintendent shall deem neces- 32 sary to prevent firearms, rifles, and shotguns from being diverted from 33 the legal stream of commerce. 34 § 875-j. Violations. Any person, firm, or corporation who knowingly 35 violates any provision of this article shall be guilty of a class A 36 misdemeanor punishable as provided for in the penal law. 37 § 3. Subdivision 1 of section 400.00 of the penal law, as amended by 38 chapter 1 of the laws of 2013, paragraph (c) as amended by chapter 60 of 39 the laws of 2018, is amended to read as follows: 40 1. Eligibility. No license shall be issued or renewed pursuant to this 41 section except by the licensing officer, and then only after investi- 42 gation and finding that all statements in a proper application for a 43 license are true. No license shall be issued or renewed except for an 44 applicant (a) twenty-one years of age or older, provided, however, that 45 where such applicant has been honorably discharged from the United 46 States army, navy, marine corps, air force or coast guard, or the 47 national guard of the state of New York, no such age restriction shall 48 apply; (b) of good moral character; (c) who has not been convicted 49 anywhere of a felony or a serious offense or who is not the subject of 50 an outstanding warrant of arrest issued upon the alleged commission of a 51 felony or serious offense; (d) who is not a fugitive from justice; (e) 52 who is not an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance 53 as defined in section 21 U.S.C. 802; (f) who being an alien (i) is not 54 illegally or unlawfully in the United States or (ii) has not been admit- 55 ted to the United States under a nonimmigrant visa subject to the excep- 56 tion in 18 U.S.C. 922(y)(2); (g) who has not been discharged from the

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1 Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions; (h) who, having been a citi- 2 zen of the United States, has not renounced his or her citizenship; (i) 3 who has stated whether he or she has ever suffered any mental illness; 4 (j) who has not been involuntarily committed to a facility under the 5 jurisdiction of an office of the department of mental hygiene pursuant 6 to article nine or fifteen of the mental hygiene law, article seven 7 hundred thirty or section 330.20 of the criminal procedure law, section 8 four hundred two or five hundred eight of the correction law, section 9 322.2 or 353.4 of the family court act, or has not been civilly confined 10 in a secure treatment facility pursuant to article ten of the mental 11 hygiene law; (k) who has not had a license revoked or who is not under a 12 suspension or ineligibility order issued pursuant to the provisions of 13 section 530.14 of the criminal procedure law or section eight hundred 14 forty-two-a of the family court act; (l) in the county of Westchester, 15 who has successfully completed a firearms safety course and test as 16 evidenced by a certificate of completion issued in his or her name and 17 endorsed and affirmed under the penalties of perjury by a duly author- 18 ized instructor, except that: (i) persons who are honorably discharged 19 from the United States army, navy, marine corps or coast guard, or of 20 the national guard of the state of New York, and produce evidence of 21 official qualification in firearms during the term of service are not 22 required to have completed those hours of a firearms safety course 23 pertaining to the safe use, carrying, possession, maintenance and stor- 24 age of a firearm; and (ii) persons who were licensed to possess a pistol 25 or revolver prior to the effective date of this paragraph are not 26 required to have completed a firearms safety course and test; (m) who 27 has not had a guardian appointed for him or her pursuant to any 28 provision of state law, based on a determination that as a result of 29 marked subnormal intelligence, mental illness, incapacity, condition or 30 disease, he or she lacks the mental capacity to contract or manage his 31 or her own affairs; and (n) concerning whom no good cause exists for the 32 denial of the license. No person shall engage in the business of 33 gunsmith or dealer in firearms unless licensed pursuant to this section, 34 and no person shall engage in the business of dealer in firearms unless 35 such person complies with the provisions of article thirty-nine-BB of 36 the general business law. An applicant to engage in such business shall 37 also be a citizen of the United States, more than twenty-one years of 38 age and maintain a place of business in the city or county where the 39 license is issued. For such business, if the applicant is a firm or 40 partnership, each member thereof shall comply with all of the require- 41 ments set forth in this subdivision and if the applicant is a corpo- 42 ration, each officer thereof shall so comply. 43 § 4. Subdivisions 11 and 12 of section 400.00 of the penal law, subdi- 44 vision 11 as amended by chapter 1 of the laws of 2013 and subdivision 12 45 as amended by chapter 129 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as 46 follows: 47 11. License: revocation and suspension. (a) The conviction of a licen- 48 see anywhere of a felony or serious offense or a licensee at any time 49 becoming ineligible to obtain a license under this section shall operate 50 as a revocation of the license. A license may be revoked or suspended as 51 provided for in section 530.14 of the criminal procedure law or section 52 eight hundred forty-two-a of the family court act. Except for a license 53 issued pursuant to section 400.01 of this article, a license may be 54 revoked and cancelled at any time in the city of New York, and in the 55 counties of Nassau and Suffolk, by the licensing officer, and elsewhere 56 than in the city of New York by any judge or justice of a court of

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1 record; a license issued pursuant to section 400.01 of this article may 2 be revoked and cancelled at any time by the licensing officer or any 3 judge or justice of a court of record. A license to engage in the busi- 4 ness of dealer may be revoked or suspended for any violation of the 5 provisions of article thirty-nine-BB of the general business law. The 6 official revoking a license shall give written notice thereof without 7 unnecessary delay to the executive department, division of state police, 8 Albany, and shall also notify immediately the duly constituted police 9 authorities of the locality. 10 (b) Whenever the director of community services or his or her designee 11 makes a report pursuant to section 9.46 of the mental hygiene law, the 12 division of criminal justice services shall convey such information, 13 whenever it determines that the person named in the report possesses a 14 license issued pursuant to this section, to the appropriate licensing 15 official, who shall issue an order suspending or revoking such license. 16 (c) In any instance in which a person's license is suspended or 17 revoked under paragraph (a) or (b) of this subdivision, such person 18 shall surrender such license to the appropriate licensing official and 19 any and all firearms, rifles, or shotguns owned or possessed by such 20 person shall be surrendered to an appropriate law enforcement agency as 21 provided in subparagraph (f) of paragraph one of subdivision a of 22 section 265.20 of this chapter. In the event such license, firearm, 23 shotgun, or rifle is not surrendered, such items shall be removed and 24 declared a nuisance and any police officer or peace officer acting 25 pursuant to his or her special duties is authorized to remove any and 26 all such weapons. 27 12. Records required of gunsmiths and dealers in firearms. [Any] In 28 addition to the requirements set forth in article thirty-nine-BB of the 29 general business law, any person licensed as gunsmith or dealer in 30 firearms shall keep a record book approved as to form, except in the 31 city of New York, by the superintendent of state police. In the record 32 book shall be entered at the time of every transaction involving a 33 firearm the date, name, age, occupation and residence of any person from 34 whom a firearm is received or to whom a firearm is delivered, and the 35 calibre, make, model, manufacturer's name and serial number, or if none, 36 any other distinguishing number or identification mark on such firearm. 37 Before delivering a firearm to any person, the licensee shall require 38 him to produce either a license valid under this section to carry or 39 possess the same, or proof of lawful authority as an exempt person 40 pursuant to section 265.20 of this chapter and either (a) the National 41 Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) or its successor has 42 issued a "proceed" response to the licensee, or (b) thirty calendar days 43 have elapsed since the date the licensee contacted NICS to initiate a 44 national instant criminal background check and NICS has not notified the 45 licensee that the transfer of the firearm to such person should be 46 denied. In addition, before delivering a firearm to a peace officer, the 47 licensee shall verify that person's status as a peace officer with the 48 division of state police. After completing the foregoing, the licensee 49 shall remove and retain the attached coupon and enter in the record book 50 the date of such license, number, if any, and name of the licensing 51 officer, in the case of the holder of a license to carry or possess, or 52 the shield or other number, if any, assignment and department, unit or 53 agency, in the case of an exempt person. The original transaction report 54 shall be forwarded to the division of state police within ten days of 55 delivering a firearm to any person, and a duplicate copy shall be kept 56 by the licensee. The superintendent of state police may designate that

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1 such record shall be completed and transmitted in electronic form. A 2 dealer may be granted a waiver from transmitting such records in elec- 3 tronic form if the superintendent determines that such dealer is incapa- 4 ble of such transmission due to technological limitations that are not 5 reasonably within the control of the dealer, or other exceptional 6 circumstances demonstrated by the dealer, pursuant to a process estab- 7 lished in regulation, and at the discretion of the superintendent. 8 Records assembled or collected for purposes of inclusion in the database 9 created pursuant to section 400.02 of this article shall not be subject 10 to disclosure pursuant to article six of the public officers law. The 11 record book shall be maintained on the premises mentioned and described 12 in the license and shall be open at all reasonable hours for inspection 13 by any peace officer, acting pursuant to his special duties, or police 14 officer. In the event of cancellation or revocation of the license for 15 gunsmith or dealer in firearms, or discontinuance of business by a 16 licensee, such record book shall be immediately surrendered to the 17 licensing officer in the city of New York, and in the counties of Nassau 18 and Suffolk, and elsewhere in the state to the executive department, 19 division of state police. 20 § 5. Severability. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, section or part 21 of this act shall be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to 22 be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair or invalidate the 23 remainder thereof, but shall be confined in its operation to the clause, 24 sentence, paragraph, section or part thereof directly involved in the 25 controversy in which such judgment shall have been rendered. 26 § 6. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after 27 it shall have become a law. Effective immediately, the addition, amend- 28 ment and/or repeal of any rule or regulation for the implementation of 29 section two of this act on its effective date are authorized to be made 30 on or before such effective date.